Basic Linux Commands

Below are some basic Linux commands useful while working in Linux based environment in VLSI.

Command	Description	Example
pwd	Print working directory	pwd
ls	List files and directories	ls
cd	Change directory	cd directory_name
mkdir	Make directory	mkdir new_directory
rmdir	Remove directory	rmdir empty_directory
cp	Copy files or directories	cp file.txt /path/to/destination
mv	Move files or directories	mv file.txt /path/to/destination
rm	Remove files or directories	rm file.txt
touch	Create an empty file	touch new_file.txt
cat	Display or concatenate files	cat file.txt
man	Display the manual for a command	man ls
chmod	Change file permissions	chmod 755 file.txt
chown	Change file owner and group	chown user:group file.txt
kill	Terminate a process	kill process_id
top	Display system activity in real-time	top
df	Display disk space usage	df -h
du	Display file and directory space usage	du -h
head	Display the beginning of a file	head file.txt
tail	Display the end of a file	tail file.txt
grep	Search for a pattern in files	grep pattern file.txt
find	Search for files and directories	find /path -name “*.txt”
tar	Create or extract tar archives	tar -cvf archive.tar /path/to/directory
zip	Create or extract zip archives	zip archive.zip file.txt
unzip	Extract files from a zip archive	unzip archive.zip
ssh	Connect to a remote server	ssh username@hostname
whoami	Display the current username	whoami
sudo	Execute a command with superuser privileges	sudo command
su	Switch user or become superuser	su username
passwd	Change user password	passwd
echo	Display a message or output to a file	echo “Hello, Linux!” > greeting.txt
history	Display command history	history
wc	Count lines, words, and characters in a file	wc file.txt
sed	Stream editor for text manipulation	sed ‘s/old/new/g’ file.txt

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