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Randcase is a case statement that randomly selects one of its branch statements based on the probability of each statement.

Syntax:

randcase
  item 1: <statement 1>;
  item 2: <statement 2>;
  item 3: <statement 3>;
  ...
  …
  item n: <statement n>;
endcase

How to calculate the probability of each branch statement?

The probability of any item is calculated by the value of an item divided by the sum of all item values.

Ex: P(item1) = item1/sum(item 1..n)

randcase can also be written inside the module.

randcase Example

class seq_item;
  int cnt_arr[int];
  real i_sum;
  function void randcase_testing();
    repeat(10) begin
      randcase
        2: begin $display("Selected 2"); cnt_arr[2]++; end
        3: begin $display("Selected 3"); cnt_arr[3]++; end
        5: begin $display("Selected 5"); cnt_arr[5]++; end
        7: begin $display("Selected 7"); cnt_arr[7]++; end
      endcase
    end
    foreach(cnt_arr[i]) begin
      i_sum += i;
    end
    foreach(cnt_arr[i]) begin
      $display("Probability for %0d = %0f in 1 iteration", i, i/i_sum);
      $display("cnt_arr[%0d] = %0d", i, cnt_arr[i]);
      $display("Probability for cnt_arr[%0d] = %0f", i, cnt_arr[i]/10.0);
      $display("---------------------------------");
    end
  endfunction
  
endclass



module constraint_example;
  seq_item item;
    
  initial begin
    item = new();
    item.randcase_testing();
  end
endmodule

Output:

Selected 7
Selected 5
Selected 2
Selected 2
Selected 3
Selected 7
Selected 7
Selected 7
Selected 7
Selected 5
Probability for 2 = 0.117647 in 1 iteration
cnt_arr[2] = 2
Probability for cnt_arr[2] = 0.200000
---------------------------------
Probability for 3 = 0.176471 in 1 iteration
cnt_arr[3] = 1
Probability for cnt_arr[3] = 0.100000
---------------------------------
Probability for 5 = 0.294118 in 1 iteration
cnt_arr[5] = 2
Probability for cnt_arr[5] = 0.200000
---------------------------------
Probability for 7 = 0.411765 in 1 iteration
cnt_arr[7] = 5
Probability for cnt_arr[7] = 0.500000
---------------------------------

The probability of item increases with 2, 3, 5,7.

Probability of 2: 0.117647

Probability of 3: 0.176471

Probability of 5: 0.294118

Probability of 7: 0.411765

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