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The randomize() method call is used to randomize class variables based on constraints if they are written. Along with randomize() method, SystemVerilog provides two callbacks

  1. pre_randomize()
  2. post_randomize()

A sequence of execution of methods: 

pre_randomize() -> randomize() -> post_randomize()

pre_randomize method

It is used to do an activity just before randomization. This may involve disabling constraint for a particular variable (constraint_mode(0))or disabling randomization itself (rand_mode(0)). Refer disable randomization for more details.

post_randomize method

It is used to do an activity after randomization. This may involve printing randomized values of a class variable. Override the randomized value of a class variable.

pre_randomize and post_randomize methods Examples

A basic example

A basic example with pre_randomization and post_randomization methods which also include constraint_mode(0).

class seq_item;
  rand bit [7:0] val1;
  rand bit [7:0] val2;
 
  constraint val1_c {val1 > 100; val1 < 200;}
  constraint val2_c {val2 > 5; val2 < 8;}
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("Inside pre_randomize");
    val2_c.constraint_mode(0);
  endfunction
  
  function void post_randomize();
    $display("Inside post_randomize");
    $display("val1 = %0d, val2 = %0d", this.val1, this.val2);
  endfunction
  
endclass

module constraint_example;
  seq_item item;
  
  initial begin
    item = new();
    item.randomize();
  end
endmodule

Output:

Inside pre_randomize
Inside post_randomize
val1 = 121, val2 = 247

Example with rand_mode

In pre_randomize() method, rand_mode(0) is used to disable randomization. So, in post_randomization() initial values will be printed.

class seq_item;
  rand bit [7:0] val1 = 101; // Initialized to avoid constraint failure
  rand bit [7:0] val2 = 6;
 
  constraint val1_c {val1 > 100; val1 < 200;}
  constraint val2_c {val2 > 5; val2 < 8;}
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("Inside pre_randomize");
    this.rand_mode(0); 
  endfunction
  
  function void post_randomize();
    $display("Inside post_randomize");
    $display("val1 = %0d, val2 = %0d", this.val1, this.val2);
  endfunction
  
endclass

module constraint_example;
  seq_item item;
  
  initial begin
    item = new();
    item.randomize();
  end
endmodule

Output:

Inside pre_randomize
Inside post_randomize
val1 = 101, val2 = 6

Example with a derived class

Part A: pre_randomization and post_randomization methods defined in a base and derived class

The base class and child class handle call respective pre_randomization and post_randomization methods as mentioned in the below example.

class seq_item;
  rand bit [7:0] val1;
  rand bit [7:0] val2;
 
  constraint val1_c {val1 > 100; val1 < 200;}
  constraint val2_c {val2 > 5; val2 < 8;}
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("Inside pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
  function void post_randomize();
    $display("Inside post_randomize");
    $display("val1 = %0d, val2 = %0d", this.val1, this.val2);
  endfunction
endclass

class child_item extends seq_item;
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("Inside pre_randomize of child_item class");
  endfunction
  
  function void post_randomize();
    $display("Inside post_randomize of child_item class");
    $display("val1 = %0d, val2 = %0d", this.val1, this.val2);
  endfunction
endclass

module constraint_example;
  seq_item item;
  child_item c_item;
  
  initial begin
    item = new();
    c_item = new();
    
    item.randomize();
    c_item.randomize();
  end
endmodule

Output:

Inside pre_randomize
Inside post_randomize
val1 = 121, val2 = 7
Inside pre_randomize of child_item class
Inside post_randomize of child_item class
val1 = 107, val2 = 7

Part B: pre_randomization and post_randomization methods defined in a base class only

The child class handle calls pre_randomization and post_randomization methods of the base class as mentioned in the below example.

class seq_item;
  rand bit [7:0] val1;
  rand bit [7:0] val2;
 
  constraint val1_c {val1 > 100; val1 < 200;}
  constraint val2_c {val2 > 5; val2 < 8;}
  
  function void pre_randomize();
    $display("Inside pre_randomize");
  endfunction
  
  function void post_randomize();
    $display("Inside post_randomize");
    $display("val1 = %0d, val2 = %0d", this.val1, this.val2);
  endfunction
endclass

class child_item extends seq_item;
  // No method implemented.
endclass

module constraint_example;
  seq_item item;
  child_item c_item;
  
  initial begin
    item = new();
    c_item = new();
    
    item.randomize();
    c_item.randomize();
  end
endmodule

Output:

Inside pre_randomize
Inside post_randomize
val1 = 121, val2 = 7
Inside pre_randomize
Inside post_randomize
val1 = 107, val2 = 7

Note:

  1. If randomization is failed post_randomization will not be called and the variable will retain previous values.
  2. Pre and post-randomization functions can not be virtual functions.

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